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Abstract
Although radiological accidents often result in partial-body radiation exposure, most biodosimetry studies focus on estimating whole-body exposure doses. We have evaluated time-dependent changes in chromosomal aberrations before, during, and after localized fractionated radiotherapy. Twelve patients with carcinoma in situ of the breast who underwent identical adjuvant radiation therapy (50 Gy in 25 fractions) were included in the study. Lymphocytes were collected from patients before, during, and after radiotherapy, to measure chromosome aberrations, such as dicentric chromosomes and translocations. Chromosome aberrations were then used to calculate whole- and partial-body biological absorbed doses of radiation. Dicentric chromosome frequencies in all study participants increased during radiotherapy (p < 0.05 in Kruskal-Wallis test). Increases of translocation frequencies during radiotherapy were observed in seven of the twelve patients. The increased levels of dicentric chromosomes and translocations persisted throughout our 1-year follow-up, and evidence of partial-body exposure (such as Papworth's U-value > 1.96) was observed more than 1 year after radiotherapy. We found that cytogenetic biomarkers reflected partial-body fractionated radiation exposure more than 1 year post-exposure. Our findings suggest that chromosome aberrations can be used to estimate biological absorbed radiation doses and can inform medical intervention for individuals suspected of fractionated or partial-body radiation exposure.

Affiliations

Younghyun Lee  1 , Jin-Kyu Kang  2 , Yang Hee Lee  1 , Hyo Jin Yoon  1 , Su San Yang  1 , Seung Hyun Kim  1 , Seongjae Jang  1 , Sunhoo Park  3 , Da Hye Heo  4 , Won Il Jang  5 , Hyung Jun Yoo  5 , Eun Kyung Paik  5 , Hyo Rak Lee  6 , Ki Moon Seong  7
1 Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea.
2 Dongnam Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea.
3 National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea.
4 National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea.
5 National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea.
6 National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: cisplatin@kirams.re.kr.
7 Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: skmhanul@kirams.re.kr.