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Abstract

Purpose:

Little is known about neurologic morbidity attributable to cranial radiotherapy (CRT) -associated meningiomas. 

Materials and Methods:

From 4,221 survivors exposed to CRT in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a diagnosis of meningioma and onset of neurologic sequelae were ascertained. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs to evaluate the factors associated with neurologic sequelae after subsequent meningioma. 

Results:

One hundred ninety-nine meningiomas were identified among 169 participants. The median interval from primary cancer to meningioma diagnosis was 22 years (5 to 37 years). The cumulative incidence of a subsequent meningioma by age 40 years was 5.6% (95% CI, 4.7% to 6.7%). CRT doses of 20 to 29.9 Gy (HR, 1.6; 95% CI,1.0 to 2.6) and doses ≥ 30 Gy (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.2) were associated with an increased risk of meningioma compared with CRT doses of 1.5 to 19.9 Gy ( P < .001). Within 6 months before or subsequent to a meningioma diagnosis, 20% (30 of 149) reported at least one new neurologic sequela, including seizures (8.3%), auditory-vestibular-visual deficits (6%), focal neurologic dysfunction (7.1%), and severe headaches (5.3%). Survivors reporting a meningioma had increased risks of neurologic sequelae > 5 years after primary cancer diagnosis, including seizures (HR, 10.0; 95% CI, 7.0 to 15.3); auditory-vestibular-visual sensory deficits (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 4.0); focal neurologic dysfunction (HR, 4.9; 95% CI, 3.2 to 7.5); and severe headaches (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.9 to 5.4). With a median follow-up of 72 months after meningioma diagnosis (range, 3.8 to 395 months), 22 participants (13%) were deceased, including six deaths attributed to a meningioma. 

Conclusion:

Childhood cancer survivors exposed to CRT and subsequently diagnosed with a meningioma experience significant neurologic morbidity. 

Author information​

Bowers DC1, Moskowitz CS1, Chou JF1, Mazewski CM1, Neglia JP1, Armstrong GT1, Leisenring WM1, Robison LL1, Oeffinger KC1.

1Daniel C. Bowers, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Chaya S. Moskowitz, Joanne F. Chou, and Kevin C. Oeffinger, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Claire M. Mazewski, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joseph P. Neglia, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Gregory T. Armstrong and Leslie L. Robison, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Wendy M. Leisenring, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.