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Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the outcome of the treatment of primary vaginal cancer using definitive radiotherapy (RT) and to evaluate the prognostic factors of survival.

METHODS:

The medical records of nine institutions were retrospectively reviewed to find the patients with vaginal cancer treated with definitive RT with or without chemotherapy. A total of 138 patients met the inclusion criteria. None had undergone curative excision.

RESULTS:

The median follow-up time of the survivors was 77.6 months and the median survival time was 46.9 months. The 5-year overall survival, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 68%, 80%, and 68.7%, respectively. In the survival analysis, the multivariate analysis showed that a lower the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and prior hysterectomy were favorable prognostic factors of CSS, and a lower FIGO stage and diagnosed prior to year 2000 were favorable prognostic factors of PFS. In the subgroup analysis of the patients with available human papillomavirus (HPV) results (n=27), no statistically significant relationship between the HPV status and recurrence or survival was found. Grade 3 or 4 acute and late toxicity were present in 16 and 9 patients, respectively. The FIGO stage and the tumor size were predictors of severe late toxicity.

CONCLUSION:

The data clearly showed that a higher FIGO stage was correlated with a worse survival outcome and higher severe late toxicity. Therefore, precise RT and careful observation are crucial in advanced vaginal cancer. In this study, the HPV status was not related to the survival outcome, but its further investigation is needed. 

Author information

Chang JH1, Jang WI2, Kim YB3, Kim JH4, Kim YS5, Kim YS1, Park W6, Kim J7, Yoon WS8, Kim JY9, Kim HJ10.​

1Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

2Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul, Korea.

3Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

4Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.

5Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

6Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

7Department of Radiation Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

8Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.

9Center for Uterine Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.

10Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. khjae@snu.ac.kr.