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Abstract
Introduction: To investigate the treatment outcomes of passive scattering proton beam therapy using stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) or hypofractionated radiation therapy (RT) for inoperable patients or those who refused surgery for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: From January 2016 to December 2019, we retrospectively analyzed 42 patients with stage I NSCLC treated with proton beam therapy. The initially intended dose regimen was 60 cobalt Gray equivalents (CGE) in 4 fractions; however, sequentially modified dose regimens were used when the dose-volume constraints could not be met. The median total dose was 50 CGE (range 50-70 CGE), while the corresponding median biologically effective dose using [Formula: see text]= 10 (BED10) was 112.5 CGE (range 96-150 CGE).

Results: The median follow-up time was 40 months (interquartile range 32-48 months). Among the 42 treated patients, 33 had pathologically proven cancers of which most were adenocarcinoma (n = 21, 64%). The 3-year overall survival rate was 71.8%. The estimated rates of local control and progression free survival at 3 years were 91.5% and 66.9%, respectively. Thirteen patients experienced disease progression consisting of three local, six regional, and nine distant failures. No grade 4 or 5 toxicities were observed.

Conclusion: Passive scattering proton beam therapy for stage I NSCLC using SABR or hypofractionated RT was safe and showed high LC rates.

Affiliations

Unurjargal Bayasgalan  1   2 , Sung Ho Moon  1 , Jong Hwi Jeong  1 , Tae Hyun Kim  1 , Kwan Ho Cho  1 , Yang-Gun Suh  3
1 Proton Therapy Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
2 Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
3 Proton Therapy Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea. suhmd@ncc.re.kr.