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Abstract

PURPOSE:

The ability to predict individual responsiveness to cancer therapy is urgently needed. This is particularly true for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) because a large proportion are resistant to preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT). In this study, we sought to identify markers that could predict response by comparing the gene expression profiles of the tumors of patients who received preoperative CRT.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:

The basal gene expression profiles of tumors from 22 LARC patients who were responders (n=9) and nonresponders (n=13) to preoperative CRT were analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). To validate the RNA-Seq findings, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on tumor samples from an additional 40 LARC patients (n=20 responders; n=20 nonresponders). Candidate genes were stably overexpressed or knocked down in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, and the effect on response to radiation was tested in vitro and also in vivo in a mouse xenograft model.

RESULTS:

Eight differentially expressed (>16-fold) genes (B3GALT4, HSPA1B, KRBOX1, PPBP, PPP1R18, PSMB8, SLC39A7, and TAP2) associated with the preoperative CRT response were identified (P<.0005). Among these genes, real-time RT-PCR showed that PSMB8 and SLC39A7 were upregulated in the responsive group of the additional 40 LARC patients. In CRC cell lines, PSMB8 overexpression significantly reduced colony formation and increased the apoptosis-inducing molecules cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP after 6-Gy irradiation. PSMB8 knockdown increased colony formation and decreased caspase-3 activation and cleaved PARP levels after irradiation. SLC39A7 overexpression had no significant effects on irradiated CSC cells. After irradiation of the xenografted mice, tumors that arose from CRC cell line HCT116 overexpressing PSMB8 grew more slowly than did those from HCT116 with vector alone.

CONCLUSION:

These results suggest that PSMB8 is a predictive marker of preoperative radiosensitivity in LARC patients. Clinical validation in a larger cohort is now required.​

Author information​

Ha YJ1, Tak KH1, Kim CW2, Roh SA1, Choi EK3, Cho DH4, Kim JH5, Kim SK5, Kim SY5, Kim YS5, Kim JC6.

1 Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

2 Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

3 Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

4 Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.

5 Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea.

6 Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: jckim@amc.seoul.kr.