바로가기  >

Abstract
Importance:
Treatment of locally advanced rectal (LARC) cancer involves chemoradiation, surgery, and chemotherapy. The concept of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), in which chemoradiation and chemotherapy are administered prior to surgery, has been developed to optimize delivery of effective systemic therapy aimed at micrometastases.

Objective:
To compare the traditional approach of preoperative chemoradiation (chemoRT) followed by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with the more recent TNT approach for LARC.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
A retrospective cohort analysis using Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) records from 2009 to 2015 was carried out. A total of 811 patients who presented with LARC (T3/4 or node-positive) were identified.

Exposures:
Of the 811 patients, 320 received chemoRT with planned adjuvant chemotherapy and 308 received TNT (induction fluorouracil- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy followed by chemoRT).

Main Outcomes and Measures:
Treatment and outcome data for the 2 cohorts were compared. Dosing and completion of prescribed chemotherapy were assessed on the subset of patients who received all therapy at MSK.

Results:
Of the 628 patients overall, 373 (59%) were men and 255 (41%) were women, with a mean (SD) age of 56.7 (12.9) years. Of the 308 patients in the TNT cohort, 181 (49%) were men and 127 (49%) were women. Of the 320 patients in the chemoRT with planned adjuvant chemotherapy cohort, 192 (60%) were men and 128 (40%) were women. Patients in the TNT cohort received greater percentages of the planned oxaliplatin and fluorouracil prescribed dose than those in the chemoRT with planned adjuvant chemotherapy cohort. The complete response (CR) rate, including both pathologic CR (pCR) in those who underwent surgery and sustained clinical CR (cCR) for at least 12 months posttreatment in those who did not undergo surgery, was 36% in the TNT cohort compared with 21% in the chemoRT with planned adjuvant chemotherapy cohort.

Conclusions and Relevance:
Our findings provide additional support for the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines that categorize TNT as a viable treatment strategy for rectal cancer. Our data suggest that TNT facilitates delivery of planned systemic therapy. Long-term follow-up will determine if this finding translates into improved survival. In addition, given its high CR rate, TNT may facilitate nonoperative treatment strategies aimed at organ preservation.

Author information

Cercek A1, Roxburgh CSD2,3, Strombom P2, Smith JJ2, Temple LKF2, Nash GM2, Guillem JG2, Paty PB2, Yaeger R1, Stadler ZK1, Seier K4, Gonen M4, Segal NH1, Reidy DL1, Varghese A1, Shia J5, Vakiani E5, Wu AJ6, Crane CH6, Gollub MJ7, Garcia-Aguilar J2, Saltz LB1, Weiser MR2.
1
Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
2
Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
3
Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, England.
4
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
5
Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.
6
Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
7
Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.