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Abstract
Purpose Chemoradiation with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 given once every 3 weeks is the standard of care in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (LAHNSCC). Increasingly, low-dose once-a-week cisplatin is substituted because of perceived lower toxicity and convenience. However, there is no level 1 evidence of comparable efficacy to cisplatin once every 3 weeks. Patients and Methods In this phase III randomized trial, we assessed the noninferiority of cisplatin 30 mg/m2 given once a week compared with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 given once every 3 weeks, both administered concurrently with curative intent radiotherapy in patients with LAHNSCC. The primary end point was locoregional control (LRC); secondary end points included toxicity, compliance, response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results Between 2013 and 2017, we randomly assigned 300 patients, 150 to each arm. Two hundred seventy-nine patients (93%) received chemoradiotherapy in the adjuvant setting. At a median follow-up of 22 months, the estimated cumulative 2-year LRC rate was 58.5% in the once-a-week arm and 73.1% in the once-every-3-weeks arm, leading to an absolute difference of 14.6% (95% CI, 5.7% to 23.5%); P = .014; hazard ratio (HR), 1.76 (95% CI, 1.11 to 2.79). Acute toxicities of grade 3 or higher occurred in 71.6% of patients in the once-a-week arm and in 84.6% of patients in the once-every-3-weeks arm ( P = .006). Estimated median progression-free survival in the once-a-week arm was 17.7 months (95% CI, 0.42 to 35.05 months) and in the once-every-3-weeks arm, 28.6 months (95% CI, 15.90 to 41.30 months); HR, 1.24 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.73); P = .21. Estimated median overall survival in the once-a-week arm was 39.5 months and was not reached in the once-every-3-weeks arm (HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.79 to 1.65]; P = .48). Conclusion Once-every-3-weeks cisplatin at 100 mg/m2 resulted in superior LRC, albeit with more toxicity, than did once-a-week cisplatin at 30 mg/m2, and should remain the preferred chemoradiotherapy regimen for LAHNSCC in the adjuvant setting.

Author information

Noronha V1, Joshi A1, Patil VM1, Agarwal J1, Ghosh-Laskar S1, Budrukkar A1, Murthy V1, Gupta T1, D'Cruz AK1, Banavali S1, Pai PS1, Chaturvedi P1, Chaukar D1, Pande N1, Chandrasekharan A1, Talreja V1, Vallathol DH1, Mathrudev V1, Manjrekar A1, Maske K1, Bhelekar AS1, Nawale K1, Kannan S1, Gota V1, Bhattacharjee A1, Kane S1, Juvekar SL1, Prabhash K1.
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Vanita Noronha, Amit Joshi, Vijay Maruti Patil, Jaiprakash Agarwal, Sarbani Ghosh-Laskar, Ashwini Budrukkar, Vedang Murthy, Tejpal Gupta, Anil K. D'Cruz, Shripad Banavali, Prathamesh S. Pai, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Devendra Chaukar, Nikhil Pande, Arun Chandrasekharan, Vikas Talreja, Dilip Harindran Vallathol, Vijayalakshmi Mathrudev, Aparna Manjrekar, Kamesh Maske, Arati Sanjay Bhelekar, Kavita Nawale, Shubhada Kane, Shashikant L. Juvekar, and Kumar Prabhash, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai; and Sadhana Kannan, Vikram Gota, and Atanu Bhattacharjee, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.