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Abstract
Background: Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial process characterized by progressive weight loss, muscle mass, and fat tissue wasting, which adversely affects the quality of life and survival of patients with advanced stages of cancer. CC has a complex and multifactorial pathophysiology, and there is no established standard treatment. Therefore, it is often irreversible and a single treatment modality is unlikely to suppress its progression. We are conducting a randomized trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of a multimodal intervention compared to the best supportive care for patients who received palliative chemotherapy.

Methods: Patients with lung or gastrointestinal cancers undergoing palliative chemotherapy are eligible. Patients are randomized into a multimodal intervention care (MIC) arm versus a conventional palliative care (CPC) arm. MIC includes ibuprofen, omega-3-fatty acid, oral nutritional supplement, weekly physical, psychiatric assessment, nutritional counseling, and complementary and alternative medicine. CPC includes basic nutritional counseling and megestrol acetate as needed (i.e., anorexia ≥ grade 2). All interventions are performed for 12 weeks per subject. The co-primary outcomes are change (kg) in total lean body mass and handgrip strength (kg) from the baseline. A total of 112 patients will be assigned to the two arms (56 in each group).

Discussion: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of MIC in preventing or alleviating CC in patients who underwent palliative chemotherapy. As there is no established single treatment for CC, it is expected that the results of this clinical trial will provide new insights to significantly improve the quality of life of patients with cancer. Considering the complex mechanisms of cachexia, the effect of MIC rather than a single specific drug is more promising. In this study, we did not overly restrict the type of cancer or chemotherapy. Therefore, we attempted to measure the effects of complex interventions while preserving clinical situations. Thus, it is expected that the results of this study can be applied effectively to real-world practice.

Trial registration: This clinical trial was registered in the Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0004967), Korean Clinical Trial Registry on April 27, 2020, and ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT04907864) on June 1, 2021.

Affiliations

Chi Hoon Maeng #  1 , Bo-Hyung Kim #  2 , Jinmann Chon  3 , Won Sub Kang  4 , Kyounglan Kang  5 , Mihye Woo  5 , Il Ki Hong  6 , Junhee Lee  7 , Kil Yeon Lee  8
1 Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
3 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
4 Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
5 Department of Nutrition, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
6 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
7 Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
8 Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. oncology.khu@gmail.com.
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