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Abstract
BACKGROUND:
This study compared adaptive replanning and repositioning corrections based on soft-tissue matching for prostate cancer by using the magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) system.

METHODS:
A total of 19 patients with prostate cancer were selected retrospectively. Weekly magnetic resonance image (MRI) scans were acquired for 5 weeks for each patient to observe the anatomic changes during the treatment course. Initial intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans (iIMRT) were generated for each patient with 13 coplanar 60Co beams on a ViewRay™ system. Two techniques were applied: patient repositioning and replanning. For patient repositioning, one plan was created: soft-tissue (prostate) matching (Soft). The dose distribution was calculated for each MRI with the beam delivery parameters from the initial IMRT plan. The replanning technique was used to generate the Adaptive plan, which was the reoptimized plan for the weekly MRI. The dose-volumetric parameters of the planning target volume (PTV), bladder, and rectum were calculated for all plans. During the treatment course, the PTV, bladder, and rectum were evaluated for changes in volume and the effect on dosimetric parameters. The differences between the dose-volumetric parameters of the plans were examined through the Wilcoxon test. The initial plan was used as a baseline to compare the differences.

RESULTS:
The Adaptive plan showed better target coverage during the treatment period, but the change was not significant in the Soft plan. There were significant differences in D98%, D95%, and D2% in PTV between the Soft and Adaptive plans (p < 0.05) except for Dmean. There was no significant change in Dmax and Dmean as the treatment progressed with all plans. All indices for the Adaptive plan stayed the same compared to those of iIMRT during the treatment course. There were significant differences in D15%, D25%, D35%, and D50% in the bladder between the Soft and Adaptive plans. The Adaptive plan showed the worse dose sparing than the Soft plan for the bladder according to each dosimetric index. In contrast to the bladder, the Adaptive plan achieved better sparing than the Soft plan during the treatment course. The significant differences were only observed in D15% and D35% between the Soft and Adaptive plans (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patient repositioning based on the target volume (Soft plan) can relatively retain the target coverage for patients and the OARs remain at a clinically tolerance level during the treatment course. The Adaptive plan did not clinically improve for the dose delivered to OARs, it kept the dose delivered to the target volume constant. However, the Adaptive plan is beneficial when the organ positions and volumes change considerable during treatment.

Author information

Kim JI1,2,3, Park JM1,2,3,4, Choi CH1,2,3, An HJ1,2,3, Kim YJ1, Kim JH5,6,7.
1
Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
2
Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
3
Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
4
Center for Convergence Research on Robotics, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
5
Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. jinho.kim.md@gmail.com.
6
Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. jinho.kim.md@gmail.com.
7
Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. jinho.kim.md@gmail.com.