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Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the major cancer treatment strategies. Exposure to penetrating radiation causes cellular stress, directly or indirectly, due to the generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and subcellular organelle damage and autophagy. These radiation-induced damage responses cooperatively contribute to cancer cell death, but paradoxically, radiotherapy also causes the activation of damage-repair and survival signaling to alleviate radiation-induced cytotoxic effects in a small percentage of cancer cells, and these activations are responsible for tumor radio-resistance. The present study describes the molecular mechanisms responsible for radiation-induced cellular stress response and radioresistance, and the therapeutic approaches used to overcome radioresistance.

Author information

Kim W1,2, Lee S3, Seo D4, Kim D5, Kim K6, Kim E7, Kang J8, Seong KM9, Youn H10, Youn B11,12.
1
Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28173, Korea. wykim82@knue.ac.kr.
2
Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28173, Korea. wykim82@knue.ac.kr.
3
Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea. smlee1048@gmail.com.
4
Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28173, Korea. dbseo130@gmail.com.
5
Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28173, Korea. ekdls5371@gmail.com.
6
Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea. minnnny@gmail.com.
7
Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea. eungikim89@gmail.com.
8
Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea. jhkang4293@gmail.com.
9
Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea. skmhanul@kirams.re.kr.
10
Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea. hsyoun@sejong.ac.kr.
11
Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea. bhyoun72@pusan.ac.kr.
12
Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea. bhyoun72@pusan.ac.kr.