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Abstract
A Fano cavity test was performed for four general-purpose Monte Carlo codes, EGSnrc, PENELOPE, MCNP6 and Geant4 to evaluate the accuracy of their electron transport algorithms in magnetic fields. In the simulations, a plane-parallel ionization chamber was modelled as a circular gas disk sandwiched between two circular solid wall disks. It was assumed that an isotropic and uniform line source per unit mass along the central axis of the gas and solid emits mono-energetic electrons with energies 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 MeV at different magnetic field strengths 0, 0.35, 1.0, 1.5 and 3.0 T in the electron transport mode (no Bremsstrahlung). The relative difference between the calculated dose to the gas region and the initial total energy of emitted electrons per unit mass was defined as the accuracy of Monte Carlo codes. In all results, EGSnrc with the enhanced electric and magnetic field (EEMF) macros was not considerably sensitive to the step size parameters and showed accuracy less than 0.18%  ±  0.06% with a coverage factor k  =  2. The other codes could not achieve competent accuracy with their default settings of step size parameters, compared to EGSnrc with the EEMF macros. With the step size parameters carefully selected, the accuracy of PENELOPE and MCNP6 was within 1.0% and 0.4%, respectively. However, Geant4 showed accuracy within 1.7% except in 3.0 T. EGSnrc with the EEMF macros achieved the best accuracy for the Fano test at the electron energies and the magnetic field strengths investigated in this study and thus, would be recommended to simulate dose responses of ionization chambers in the presence of magnetic fields.

Author information

Lee J1, Lee J, Ryu D, Lee H, Ye SJ.
1
Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.