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Abstract

Increased use of mobile phones raises concerns about the health risks of electromagnetic radiation. Phantom heads are routinely used for radiofrequency dosimetry simulations, and the purpose of this study was to construct averaged phantom heads for children and young adults. Using magnetic resonance images (MRI), sectioned cadaver images, and a hybrid approach, we initially built template phantoms representing 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-year-old children and adult. Our subsequent approach revised the template phantoms using 29 averaged items that were identified by averaging the MRI data from 500 children and young adults. In females, the brain size and cranium thickness peaked in the early teens and then decreased. This is contrary to what was observed in males, where brain size and cranium thicknesses either plateaued or grew continuously. The overall shape of brains was spherical in children and became ellipsoidal by adulthood. In this study, we devised a method to build averaged phantom heads by constructing surface and voxel models. The surface model could be used for phantom manipulation, whereas the voxel model could be used for compliance test of specific absorption rate (SAR) for users of mobile phones or other electronic devices.

Author information
Han M1, Lee AK2, Choi HD3, Jung YW4, Park JS5.
1Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Korea (the Republic of).2Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, 305-600, KOREA, Daejeon, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF.3Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of).4Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea (the Republic of).5Anatomy, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, 87 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju, 780-714, Korea (the Republic of).